4 days ago · Exchange Rate US Dollar to Iranian Rial. 1.00 USD = 42,040.671468 IRR. Feb 19, 2024 08:22 UTC. View USD Rates Table. View IRR Rates Table. View USD / IRR Graphs. 1. Configure Converter. ↔. 1,048,574. 816,038. Gold price in Iran in Iranian Rial (IRR) both in ounce and gram. Gold prices are updated every 1 hour based on live spot Gold price. In addition to gold price charts, gold price trends, and historical gold price.This is the Iran Rial (IRR) to US Dollar (USD) exchange rate history summary page, detailing 180 days of IRR USD historical data from Monday 21/08/2023 to Thursday 15/02/2024. Highest: 0.00002380 ...1 day ago · Iranian Rial to United States Dollar. 1 IRR = 0.000024 USD Feb 25, 2024 00:21 UTC. 30 days. 90 days. 180 days. Sep 8, 2022 · 31,166.67. 40,666.67. Prev Post. Price of apartments across Tehran, September 2022. Next Post. How to apply for Iran e-visa. Check out the latest car prices in Iran, with brands including IKCO, SAIPA, MVM, CHERY, KMC and Bahman all with new models. هر دلار آمریکا در معاملات روز دوشنبهٔ بازار تهران تا ۵۸ هزار و ۵۰ تومان فروش رفت، نرخی که پیشتر در جریان داد و ستدهای ۱۴ بهمن (۳ فوریه) ثبت شده بود و یک روز بعد، قیمت دلار تا ۵۵ هزار و ۱۰۰ تومان کاهش یافته بود.This is the US Dollar (USD) to Iran Rial (IRR) exchange rate history data page for the year of 2024, covering 50 days of USD IRR historical data. Best exchange rate: 42106.6287 IRR on 01 Jan 2024.Consumer Price Index CPI in Iran increased to 222.70 points in January from 217 points in December of 2023. Consumer Price Index CPI in Iran averaged 149.32 points from 2021 until 2024, reaching an all time high of 222.70 points in January of 2024 and a record low of 90.00 points in June of 2021. source: Statistical Center of Iran. 1Y.Max Price: -- + Nearby Tehran (46) ... I have 2 pieces of land for sale in Rasht, in the north of Iran. 1 piece of... IRR 16,579,873,587. Apartment For Sale. 1 Bdrm Apartment For Sale IRR 16,579,873,587. 1 Bdrm Apartment For Sale IRR 16,579,873,587. Halah Hormozgan . APARTMENT / FLAT KISH. APARTMENT / FLAT KISH.A silver dollar, at least on the surface, is worth $1. Because United States silver dollars have “One Dollar” engraved on them, you might think that this is the case. However, the ...There are exactly 20 nickels in a dollar. Each individual nickel is worth 5 cents, and there are 100 cents in a dollar. Since 20 multiplied by 5 is equal to 100, there are 20 nicke...1 Liter Price = 3000 IRR: 1 Gallon Price = 11356.23 IRR: 1 Barrel Price = 476961 IRR: 1 USD = ... In the second table, the Diesel price of Iran is displayed in different currencies. The fuel price information (i.e., Diesel, etc.) is listed below in the table. The currency information (i.e., Iranian Rial) was last updated on 2024-01-30 17:05:00 ...ETH/USD. 0.0324. 2942.5296. 01:41 AM. 10. Get free real-time information on USD/IRR quotes including USD/IRR live chart. By Tom Kool - Dec 27, 2023, 4:30 PM CST. Russia and Iran have finalized an agreement to trade in their local currencies instead of the U.S dollar, Iran's state media has reported . Both countries ...Update prices. 1 pair of jeans (levis 501 or similar) ﷼ 9,082,340. 1 summer dress in a high street store (zara, h&m or similar retailers) ﷼ 20,626,600. 1 pair of sport shoes (nike, adidas, or equivalent brands) ﷼ 45,033,400. 1 pair of men’s leather business shoes. ﷼ 16,504,500.31,148 .84 Iranian Rials. 1 IRR = 0.0000321039 CAD. We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates. Canadian Dollar to Iranian Rial conversion — Last updated Feb 23, 2024, 12:12 UTC.Iran Dates Import Prices - Historical, Trends and Prediction. The import price per kilogram of Dates into Iran over the last five years has been relatively stable. In 2016, the price was $1.00, followed by $0.99 in 2017. In 2018, the price increased to $1.10, before dropping to $0.89 in 2019 and $0.88 in 2020 and 2021.US dollar to Iranian rial exchange rate history history since 1992 till 2024. Currency conversion chart US dollar to Iranian rial. Currency conversion chart US dollar to Iranian rial. State: the British Virgin Islands, the British Indian Ocean Territory, East Timor, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, the Northern Mariana Islands, USA, the ...Exchange Rates 20/02/2024; USD US Dollar 42,000 GBP British Pound 52,855Historical Exchange Rates For Iranian Rial to United States Dollar · Quick Conversions from Iranian Rial to United States Dollar : 1 IRR = 0.0000238 USD ...Summary of cost of living in Iran. Family of four estimated monthly costs: ﷼ 921,181,677. Single person estimated monthly costs: ﷼ 435,633,367. WARNING! These estimates are based on data that may have some inconsistencies at the moment. They already provide a decent estimate but they are not currently bullet-proof.The cost of 1 United States Dollar in Iranian Rials today is ﷼42,105 according to the “Open Exchange Rates”, compared to yesterday, the exchange rate increased by …Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Iran (CBI): End of Period: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 9,282.000 USD/IRR from Mar 1992 to Jan 2024, with 383 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44,070.000 USD/IRR in Jul 2018 and a record low of 1,439.000 USD/IRR in Oct 1992.دلار (بانکی) نرخ فعلی : 42,000 بالاترین قیمت روز : 42,000 پایین ترین قیمت روز : 42,000 بیشترین مقدار نوسان روز : - درصد بیشترین نوسان روز : - نرخ بازگشایی بازار : - زمان ثبت آخرین نرخ : ۱ آبان نرخ روز گذشته : …Converting currency from one to another will be necessary if you plan to travel to another country. When you convert the U.S. dollar to the Canadian dollar, you can do the math you...$ Currency Converter Currency I Have Currency I Want Live Iranian Rial (IRR) Exchange Rates and Gold Price in Iran's Free Market. Get Iranian Rial rates, charts, and IRR currency converter.Current gold rate today and historical gold prices in Iran in Iranian Rial (IRR). Gold prices are updated regularly according to live spot gold rates. Gold Rate. Gold Price in Iran. ... Is gold or silver cheaper to convert to American dollar than Iranian rial to American dollar? Reply. erol says: November 29, 2017 at 3:55 pm ...The saffron price per kg on February 20, 2024, is from $2,600 dollars to $2,750 dollars and has changed slightly and has not increased much compared to the previous year. The price of Persian saffron is always changing. Various factors affect the price of saffron. One of these factors is where saffron is grown.8 hours ago. GBPUSD Analysis 2.24.2024. GBP / USD. 0.00%. Get the latest Iranian Rial to United States Dollar (IRR / USD) real-time quote, historical performance, charts, and other financial ... Iran LPG prices, liter, 19-Feb-2024. Iran: The price of autogas is Iranian Rial per litre. For comparison, the average price of autogas in the world for this period is 380295.44 Iranian Rial. The chart below shows the price of autogas in the country relative to other countries. On the graph, the prices for the countries indicated with a * are ...Per Gram Price: 2,712,858.62 IRR. Today, the Gold Price in Iran is 2,712,858.62 IRR per Gram. For pricing details in various units like Gram, Ounce, Kilo, and Tola, see the charts and tables below.So what is the “official” exchange rate in Iran? The official exchange rate is 42,000 rials to $1. It is a government subsidised rate that values the rial far, far above the open market rate.Forex.pk offers daily in open market Dollar rate & other currency rates as per Pakistani Market. Here you can find historical and today currency rates in Pakistan. ... Australia Bangladesh Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Denmark Egypt Estonia Hong Kong Hungary India Iran Japan Malaysia New Zealand Oman Pakistan Philippines Poland …Currency converter USD to IRR 4. Exchange rate for USD in Iran 5. US dollar to Iranian rial 6. Historical exchange rate USD to IRR 7. IRR to USD conversion 8. Iranian currency IRR to USD 9. Live USD to IRR rate 10. Latest USD to IRR exchange rate 11. Convert USD to IRR 12. USD to IRR exchange rate 13. Dollar to Rial converterFeb 20, 2023 ... ... value of the national currency under control but failed to explain his envisaged solutions to the problems. Two months ago, when one dollar ...This is the Iran Rial (IRR) to US Dollar (USD) exchange rate history summary page, detailing 180 days of IRR USD historical data from Monday 21/08/2023 to Thursday 15/02/2024. Highest: 0.00002380 ...So below is price list of each items will state whether it is in kg or per box or pieces. for example most of the breads in Iran sell by piece and price is different of course from different bakery but you will get a idea of price range of …Dollar Price in Iran. 74 likes. CommunitySep 8, 2022 · 31,166.67. 40,666.67. Prev Post. Price of apartments across Tehran, September 2022. Next Post. How to apply for Iran e-visa. Check out the latest car prices in Iran, with brands including IKCO, SAIPA, MVM, CHERY, KMC and Bahman all with new models. This currency rates table lets you compare an amount in Iranian Rial to all other currencies.Apr 11, 2018 ... The new single rate has been set at 42,000 rials to the dollar. “We do not recognise any other rate,” Iran's first Vice-President Eshaq ...Feb 27, 2023 ... Fresh protests erupted throughout Iran this weekend as the rial fell to its lowest rate yet against the U.S. dollar. According to Iran ...Feb 18, 2024 · As of today, at 09:00AM UTC one 💵 us dollar is equal to ﷼42,030.00 (IRR) or 🇮🇷 forty-two thousand thirty iranian rials. For the basic conversion, we use the midpoint between the buy and sell rates of USD to IRR at currency exchanges across the globe. The current exchange rate is equivalent to 42030.0000. Apr 10, 2018 ... TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — Iran moved on Tuesday to enforce a single exchange rate to the dollar, banning all unregulated trading after the rial ...WTI Crude Oil Price in IRR; 1 Liter Crude Oil : 20484.29 IRR: 1 Barrel Crude Oil: 3256736.58 IRR: 1 Barrel Today Low: 3227777.91 IRR: 1 Barrel Today High:Jan 21, 2023 ... are factors pointing to a global consensus against Iran, (which may affect) the dollar's rate in Tehran," Ecoiran said. The European ...United States Dollar - Iranian Rial - Price United States Dollar - Iranian Rial (USD - IRR) Currency 42,105.0000 + +% 07:39:00 PM Add to watchlist intraday 1w 1m 6m ytd 1y …3 days ago · 3.8/5, 90.8k ratings. 4.7/5, 41.5k ratings. USD to IRR currency chart. XE’s free live currency conversion chart for US Dollar to Iranian Rial allows you to pair exchange rate history for up to 10 years. Last updated Sep 6, 2022. Price of apartments across Tehran, September 2022. Living in Tehran is happy to reveal the approximate price of property across 22 districts in the Iranian capital in both Toman (the unofficial currency) and the US dollar (USD), using our internal price index. LiT have combed the city to give you the best comprehensive ...The exchange rate in the open market of Iran suddenly dropped by more than five thousand Toomans yesterday evening and affected the buyers who were caught in the tour of currency brokers in the exciting atmosphere of these days.206. ... Kayhan: US Dollar price drops toward Rial in Iran's open market.A currency exchange bureau worker counts U.S. dollars in downtown Tehran on Dec. 21, 2011. The U.S. dollar teetered near the 20,000 rial mark for the first time since last January, and Iranian ...The dollar index was steady near 104.4 while the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield was at 4.29%. The yield has risen 34 basis points in February so far, as hopes of early …Feb 27, 2023 ... Fresh protests erupted throughout Iran this weekend as the rial fell to its lowest rate yet against the U.S. dollar. According to Iran ...هر دلار آمریکا در معاملات روز دوشنبهٔ بازار تهران تا ۵۸ هزار و ۵۰ تومان فروش رفت، نرخی که پیشتر در جریان داد و ستدهای ۱۴ بهمن (۳ فوریه) ثبت شده بود و یک روز بعد، قیمت دلار تا ۵۵ هزار و ۱۰۰ تومان کاهش یافته بود.Concurrently, , the Central Bank of Iran was seeking to control the exchange rate by injecting foreign currency into the market. ... "Considering the current liquidity, it is probable that the dollar price floor will be placed in the third channel of the seventh corridor for the year 1403. But I predict a further hike in the mentioned prices."Select city in Iran: Summary of cost of living in Iran: A family of four estimated monthly costs are 1,242.9$ without rent. A single person estimated monthly costs are 346.1$ without rent. Cost of living in Iran is, on average, 63.3% lower than in United States. Rent in Iran is, on average, 80.1% lower than in United States. U.S. Dollar to Iranian Rial Exchange Rates in the Last 2 Weeks; Monday, 12 February 2024: 1 U.S. Dollar = 42,030.00 Iranian Rial: Sunday, 11 February 2024 Quote - Chart - Historical Data - News. The USDIRR traded at 42,000.0000 on Friday October 27. Historically, the Iranian Toman reached an all time high of 49631.40 in August of 2021. The USDIRR spot exchange rate specifies how much one currency is currently worth in terms of the other. While the USDIRR spot exchange rate is quoted and exchanged ... 2 days ago · 1 Iranian Rial = 0.00 002380321 US Dollars 1 USD = 42,011.1 IRR We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates Iranian Rial to US Dollar conversion — Last updated Feb 22, 2024, 16:22 UTC Convert Iranian Rial to US Dollar The Iranian rial is now about 270,000 to the dollar — compared with 32,000 rials for $1 at the time of Tehran's 2015 nuclear deal with world powers. That has decimated people's salaries and ...Iran Patrol price in other currency. 30,000 Rials= 0.71 United States Doller; 30,000 Rials= 0.66 Euro; 30,000 Rials= 2.61 Dirham; It should be noted that all these prices are subject to change. So, be sure to check the updated price before traveling. What are the tips about petrol in Iran?This currency rates table lets you compare an amount in Iranian Rial to all other currencies.Apr 21, 2018 ... FOR the second time in as many months, Iran's “dollar patrol” is on the streets. The country's currency, the rial, has lost a third of its value ...The symbol for the Iranian Rial is ﷼. The Dollar is divided into 100 cents. The Rial is divided into 0. For 2024, one American Dollar has equalled. average: ﷼ 42,045.937. minimum: ﷼ 42,030.000. maximum: ﷼ 42,105.000. The Dollar is the currency used in Samoa (American), Virgin Islands (US), British Indian Ocean Territory, Virgin Islands ... May 22, 2020 · May 22, 2020. By Pooya Stone. When the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad began, with him the dollar price in Iran saw an increase and moved from 800 Tomans for each dollar to 900 Tomans. At least in the eight-year period of his headship, the price of the dollar continued to increase. Economic analysts also found that behind the rise in the ... So below is price list of each items will state whether it is in kg or per box or pieces. for example most of the breads in Iran sell by piece and price is different of course from different bakery but you will get a idea of price range of …Iran's rial hits record-low 1,00,000 to the dollar - Times of India. Jul 29, 2018 - The Iranian rial fell to 1,12,000 to the dollar on Sunday, from 98,000 to $1 on Saturday. The government-set exchange rate was 44,070 to the ...In 1945, the rial was pegged to the U.S. dollar at USD 1 = Rls 32.25. The rate was US$1 = Rls 75.75 in 1957. Iran did not follow the dollar's currency devaluation in 1973, leading to a new peg of USD 1 = Rls 68.725. The dollar peg was dropped in 1975. [citation needed] In 1979, Rls 70 equalled USD 1.4 days ago · EURO. 591,510 IRR. Chinese yuan. 76,200 IRR. Traveling to Iran will be a lot easier if you gain some information about Iranian currency. Having two currency makes Iranian tourists confusing in their payments and cost accounting. Iranian official currency is Rial which is also known as IRR, but in daily payments people mostly use Tomans as main ... Historical Exchange Rates For Iranian Rial to United States Dollar · Quick Conversions from Iranian Rial to United States Dollar : 1 IRR = 0.0000238 USD ...Current gold price in Iran with real-time gold price chart in IRR (Iranian rial). We provide accurate, up-to-date gold rates and prices for a variety of weights and measures. ... Gold price in Singapore: Singapore dollar: SGD 0.03: SGD 87.89: SGD 2,733.77: Gold price in South Africa: South African rand: ZAR 0.46: ZAR 1,260.34: ZAR 39,201.09:The price of gold bullion 5 grams 24K in Iran: 13,602,279.83 Iranian Rial. The price of gold bullion 10 grams 24K in Iran: 27,204,559.67 Iranian Rial. The price of gold bullion 20 grams 24K in Iran: 54,409,119.33 Iranian Rial. The price of gold bullion 50 grams 24K in Iran: 136,022,798.33 Iranian Rial. The price of gold bullion 100 grams 24K …Today Dollar Rate in Pakistan. Today 24 Feb, 2024 dollar rate in Pakistan is 279.50 in interbank exchange rates which is given by State Bank of Pakistan. The open market dollar rate is 279.6. Recently, the Interbank rate decreased by PKR 0.00 0. Over the last 30 days, the Dollar to PKR conversion saw a growth of PKR 10.906 (3.715%).The exchange rate ended 2022 at IRR 42,026 per USD, compared to the end-2021 value of IRR 42,025 per USD and the figure a decade earlier of IRR 24,799 per USD in Iran. For more exchange rate information, visit our dedicated page.Jan 6, 2016 ... In addition they have Billions of US Dollars frozen at various banks due to the international sanctions that were imposed on them, this money ...The price for renting a car in Iran (e.g. Volkswagen Golf or Toyota Corolla) to 1.60 USD (66,000 IRR). If you prefer taxi, remember that the price of a taxi in Iran depends on several factors. Taxi starting price is about: 0.00 USD (0.50 IRR). For 1 km ride in Iran you have to pay about: 0.00 USD (0.35 IRR).As of today, at 11:00AM UTC one us dollar is equal to ﷼42,032.50 (IRR) or forty-two thousand thirty-two iranian rials. For the basic conversion, we use ...USD - US Dollar. The US Dollar is the currency of United States. Our currency rankings show that the most popular US Dollar exchange rate is the USD to EUR rate. The currency code for Dollars is USD, and the currency symbol is $. Below, you'll find US Dollar rates and a currency converter.3 days ago · The following table shows the latest gold price in Iran in Iranian Rial ... Gold Price in U.S. Dollar (USD) Gold Ounce 24K: 85,000,946.36: 2,022.27: Gold Ounce 22K: 1 Barrel Price = 2384805 IRR: 1 USD = 42032.5 IRR : Country: ... In the second table, the Gasoline price of Iran is displayed in different currencies. The fuel price information (i.e., Gasoline, etc.) is listed below in the table. The currency information (i.e., Iranian Rial) was last updated on 2024-02-23 19:05:00 (GMT Time). ...U.S. gold futures settled 0.8% higher at $2,046.3. The dollar index edged down 0.1% and was heading for its first weekly dip in almost two months as investors …Dollar Price in Iran. 74 likes. CommunityThe price of gold bullion 5 grams 24K in Iran: 13,602,279.83 Iranian Rial. The price of gold bullion 10 grams 24K in Iran: 27,204,559.67 Iranian Rial. The price of gold bullion 20 grams 24K in Iran: 54,409,119.33 Iranian Rial. The price of gold bullion 50 grams 24K in Iran: 136,022,798.33 Iranian Rial. The price of gold bullion 100 grams …Math.com defines a billion dollars as 1,000 million dollars or a one followed by nine zeros: $1,000,000,000. It would take 10 million $100 bills to total $1 billion in cash.Apr 21, 2018 ... FOR the second time in as many months, Iran's “dollar patrol” is on the streets. The country's currency, the rial, has lost a third of its value ...Last updated Sep 6, 2022. Price of apartments across Tehran, September 2022. Living in Tehran is happy to reveal the approximate price of property across 22 districts in the Iranian capital in both Toman (the unofficial currency) and the US dollar (USD), using our internal price index. LiT have combed the city to give you the best comprehensive ...Quickly and easily calculate foreign exchange rates with this free currency converter. = 0 USD. 1 Iranian rial = 0 United States dollar, 1 United States dollar = 0 Iranian rial. 6 days ago · The unit of Iranian currency is The Rial. The currencies of Iran are issued in the form of banknotes and coins. According to The Monetary and Banking Act of Iran(MBAI),The government is the sole authority having the right of issuing notes and coins and this right is hereby vested exclusively in Bank Markazi Iran(Central Bank of The Islamic Republic of Iran) subject to the provisions of this ... Feb 20, 2023 ... ... value of the national currency under control but failed to explain his envisaged solutions to the problems. Two months ago, when one dollar ...
Convert IRR to USD: Iranian Rial To US Dollar Exchange Rates. 1.0000 IRR = 0.00002379 USD February 24, 2024 02:00 AM UTC. Check the latest currency exchange rates for the Iranian Rial, US Dollar and all major world currencies. Our currency converter is simple to use and also shows the latest currency rates.. Zip code in current location
Jan 21, 2023 ... are factors pointing to a global consensus against Iran, (which may affect) the dollar's rate in Tehran," Ecoiran said. The European ...You’re familiar with Iran from the news headlines, but those stories seldom focus on anything positive about any of the countries in the Middle East. Let’s take a deeper look at th...Historical US dollar / Iranian rial. History of daily rates USD /IRR since Friday, 27 January 2023. The maximum was reached on Tuesday, 21 February 2023. 1 US dollar = 42 350.1136 Iranian rial. the minimum on Monday, 20 February 2023. 1 US dollar = 41 633.7783 Iranian rial. Price history of IRR / USD. Date. Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Iran (CBI): End of Period: US Dollar data was reported at 42000.000 USD/IRR in Jan 2024. This stayed constant from ...1 Canadian dollar = 32 239.0504 Iranian rial. the minimum on Tuesday, 31 October 2023. 1 Canadian dollar = 30 433.0561 Iranian rial. Price history of IRR / CAD. Date. CAD /IRR. Monday, 19 February 2024. 31 190.0457. Monday, 12 February 2024.Get free historical data for USD IRR (US Dollar Iranian Rial). You'll find the closing price, open, high, low, change and %change of the currency pair for the selected range of dates. The data can ...4 days ago · Exchange Rate US Dollar to Iranian Rial. 1.00 USD = 42,040.671468 IRR. Feb 19, 2024 08:22 UTC. View USD Rates Table. View IRR Rates Table. View USD / IRR Graphs. 1. Configure Converter. ↔. The exchange rate in the open market of Iran suddenly dropped by more than five thousand Toomans yesterday evening and affected the buyers who were caught in the tour of currency brokers in the exciting atmosphere of these days.206. ... Kayhan: US Dollar price drops toward Rial in Iran's open market.Currency Price (Toman) Change Min Max; Georgi Lari 21,810 - 21,700 21,880 100 Iraqi Dinar 436,500 - 436,500 436,500 Kuwaiti Dinar 185,800 150(0.0808%)Jan 6, 2016 ... In addition they have Billions of US Dollars frozen at various banks due to the international sanctions that were imposed on them, this money ...The symbol for the Iranian Rial is ﷼. The Dollar is divided into 100 cents. The Rial is divided into 0. For 2024, one American Dollar has equalled. average: ﷼ 42,045.937. minimum: ﷼ 42,030.000. maximum: ﷼ 42,105.000. The Dollar is the currency used in Samoa (American), Virgin Islands (US), British Indian Ocean Territory, Virgin Islands ... Live Iranian Rial (IRR) Exchange Rates and Gold Price in Iran's Free Market. Get Iranian Rial rates, charts, and IRR currency converter. U.S. gold futures settled 0.8% higher at $2,046.3. The dollar index edged down 0.1% and was heading for its first weekly dip in almost two months as investors …Gold Rates Iran - Live Iran IRR Gold Price and Iran Bullion Rates. Today Gold rates in IRR (Iran Rials) is IRR. 28,253,731.34 for 10 grams. And IRR. 32,955,223.88 for one tola. Live today gold rate in Iran and different cities of Iran. …American silver dollars have been around since the late 1700s, and they remain popular collectible coins today. But how much are these coins worth? In this article, we’ll explore t...The currency's fall has not only made life more expensive, it may also test Iran's ability to prop up an economy battered by crippling U.S. sanctions and the new coronavirus. The dollar was being ....